Discuss Quasi-Experimental Designs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Talk about Quasi-Experimental Designs - Coursework Example Numerous gauge configuration contrasts from an inversion structure in that the various benchmark configuration quantifies different factors before and after a treatment while an inversion configuration (otherwise called ABAB configuration) is a sort of single-case test plan which can just quantify a solitary case. Also, in Multiple-standard structure, treatment is frequently acquainted with a numerous number of individuals at various stretches. Semi tests have various focal points just as expected shortcomings. A portion of the significant favorable circumstances of semi tests incorporate more noteworthy legitimacy (as it includes all the more true conditions) and essentially considerably more practicality given strategic and time limitations (Trochim and Donnelly, 2008). Then again, the shortcomings of semi tests incorporate less controlled factors, and absence of arbitrariness. The nonappearance of randomization is a principal shortcoming as it can prompt more fragile proof by making. This shortcoming doesn't generally make a difference as long as it is perceived as semi explore offers an incredible research apparatus particularly in regions where genuine analyses may not be possible. Truly, when members are haphazardly alloted to gatherings, it is accepted that the gatherings are proportional toward the start of the investigation. This is especially credited to the irregularity of the determination. In any case, the members in the end got nonequivalent toward the end due to the researcher’s absence of authority over the chose members for ach gathering. This might be explained by utilizing pretests and covariance test structures. The specific results of a given report can be utilized to viably propose that a danger is probably going to have been available incorporate covariation, fleeting priority just as the nearness of other conceivable elective clarification for the exploration results may uncover a danger to the legitimacy of the examination. a. Non-proportional benchmark group pretest just: Involves looking at the treatment and correlation

Space Race Essay -- essays research papers

We have constantly imagined about arriving at the sky. From old human advancements to the current world, our fixation of going into space has developed from contemplating the stars to real investigation of room. We have made some amazing progress since crude diagrams of star groupings. From telescopes to satellites, we as a populace have advanced enormously in the realm of innovation. In a negligible forty years, we have had more mechanical advances than the Industrial Revolution. The Space Race has influenced our regular daily existences; we utilize a similar innovation that the space travelers utilized during their missions for instance computerized tickers (Dismukes http://spaceflight.nasa.gov). Numerous businesses have profited, correspondence organizations, mechanical producers, and the clinical field. Because of this innovative upset, the world has decreased. With the innovation picked up from the Space Race, we can perform clinical errands that just existed in the fantasies of specialists; we can speak with someone else on the opposite side of the world in a flash, not days or months. Without the Space Race we would not have the mechanical advances that exist today. We as a populace would have been left with the innovation of the 1930’s. Germany, which has consistently been at the cutting edge of building, spearheaded the innovation for early rocketry. They kicked off something new with the advances that they achieved. The Germans enthusiasm for having rockets was because of the way that after World War I the country was restricted in having long-extend big guns, for example, a slug that can go a few miles; rather Germany had started investigate on rocket innovation. A great part of the achievement is credited to Hermann Oberth and Werner von Braun. Oberth composed The Rocket Into Interplanetary Space. Afterward, his work propelled future rocket engineers, and von Braun, alongside his understudies, built up the notorious V-2 rocket, later utilized in World War II (Neal 17). With the information picked up from the examination of Oberth and von Braun, the German military has constructed the V-1 and the V-2, which has been named the â€Å"Vengeance Weapon† (Neal 19). During World War II, the American partners were surrounding the German fortification, and Hitler was startled, and he gave the assembling of famous V-1 and V-2s. Von Braun and Oberth accidentally began another time ever, the arrangement of innovative advances, that would change the world... ...TI was set up, the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. Maybe we will before long discover the appropriate response Deward, John and Nancy. History of NASA America’s Voyage to the Stars. New York:      Bison Book Corp., 1984 Dismukes, Kim. â€Å"NASA Human Space Flight.† Dec. 10, 2000.â â â â â <http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/> (Dec. 4, 2000) McAleer, Neil. The Omni Space Almanac. New York: Scripps Howard Company, 1987 Murray, Charles and Catherine Cox. Apollo the Race to the Moon. New York: Simonâ â â â â and Schuster, 1989 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kennedy Space Center Story.      Kennedy Space Center, 1974 Neal, Valerie, Cathleen Lewis, and Frank Winter. Smithsonian Guides: Space Flight.          New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1995 Needal, Allan. The First 25 Years in Space. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute,  â â â â 1993 Snedden, Robert. twentieth Century Inventions Rockets and Spacecraft. Austin: Steck-     Vaughn Company, 1998 Walter, William. Space Age. New York: Random House, 1992 Space Race Essay - expositions investigate papers We have constantly imagined about arriving at the sky. From antiquated human advancements to the cutting edge world, our fixation of going into space has developed from contemplating the stars to genuine investigation of room. We have made some amazing progress since crude outlines of heavenly bodies. From telescopes to satellites, we as a populace have advanced extraordinarily in the realm of innovation. In a unimportant forty years, we have had more innovative advances than the Industrial Revolution. The Space Race has influenced our regular day to day existences; we utilize a similar innovation that the space explorers utilized during their missions for instance advanced tickers (Dismukes http://spaceflight.nasa.gov). Numerous businesses have profited, correspondence organizations, mechanical producers, and the clinical field. Because of this mechanical unrest, the world has decreased. With the innovation picked up from the Space Race, we can perform clinical errands that just exi sted in the fantasies of specialists; we can speak with someone else on the opposite side of the world in short order, not days or months. Without the Space Race we would not have the mechanical advances that exist today. We as a populace would have been left with the innovation of the 1930’s. Germany, which has consistently been at the bleeding edge of designing, spearheaded the innovation for early rocketry. They kicked off something new with the advances that they achieved. The Germans enthusiasm for having rockets was because of the way that after World War I the country was restricted in having long-run gunnery, for example, a shot that can go a few miles; rather Germany had started examine on rocket innovation. A significant part of the achievement is credited to Hermann Oberth and Werner von Braun. Oberth composed The Rocket Into Interplanetary Space. Afterward, his work propelled future rocket engineers, and von Braun, alongside his understudies, built up the notorious V-2 rocket, later utilized in World War II (Neal 17). With the information picked up from the exploration of Oberth and von Braun, the German military has manufactured the V-1 and the V-2, which has been named the â€Å"Vengeance Weapon† (Neal 19). During World War II, the American partners were surrounding the German fortification, and Hitler was scared, and he gave the assembling of famous V-1 and V-2s. Von Braun and Oberth unwittingly began another time ever, the arrangement of mechanical advances, that would change the world... ...TI was set up, the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. Maybe we will before long discover the appropriate response Deward, John and Nancy. History of NASA America’s Voyage to the Stars. New York:      Bison Book Corp., 1984 Dismukes, Kim. â€Å"NASA Human Space Flight.† Dec. 10, 2000.â â â â â <http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/> (Dec. 4, 2000) McAleer, Neil. The Omni Space Almanac. New York: Scripps Howard Company, 1987 Murray, Charles and Catherine Cox. Apollo the Race to the Moon. New York: Simonâ â â â â and Schuster, 1989 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kennedy Space Center Story.      Kennedy Space Center, 1974 Neal, Valerie, Cathleen Lewis, and Frank Winter. Smithsonian Guides: Space Flight.          New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1995 Needal, Allan. The First 25 Years in Space. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute,  â â â â 1993 Snedden, Robert. twentieth Century Inventions Rockets and Spacecraft. Austin: Steck-     Vaughn Company, 1998 Walter, William. Space Age. New York: Random House, 1992

Summer plans

Summer plans Ive spent the last two weeks enjoying a nice vacation at my moms house in Louisville, Kentucky. Its been great, and I might even have caught up on all the sleep I missed during term (for some reason, while Im on campus, I have trouble sleeping more than 8 or 8 and a half hours even if theres no reason for me to get up, and usually get less, but when Im here, I feel deprived if Im not getting at least 9). But tomorrow, it ends. Tomorrow, I get on a plane and fly to Newark, New Jersey. At Newark, I switch planes and fly to Geneva, Switzerland. From Geneva, I take the train to Lausanne, and find the boarding house that Ill be living in for the next two months, for my summer internship at EPFL (the Swiss Institute of Technology). Im working at the Brain Mind Institute, in the Laboratory for Neural Microcircuitry. Ill be helping with the Blue Brain Project, a joint venture between EPFL and IBM to computationally model the mammalian neocortex. Such a model could have huge implications for the field. Ive even heard it compared to the Human Genome Project in its scope and usefulness, and I feel honored to be working on it. Ill be blogging from there, of course, and taking pictures of Switzerland to show you. Dont expect anything too soon, though Ill need a chance to get settled in. :) By the way, Ive discovered that if you read this blog through the Livejournal feed that Riv 07 created, it doesnt automatically show if theres an extended entry. Now, Ive only had two extended entries, ever, but theyve both been recent, so I figured this was worth mentioning.

Essay about Analysis of Theodore Dalrymple´s What We Have...

Theodore Dalrymple is an English writer and retired prison doctor and psychiatrist. Daniel in his writings has frequently argued that the liberal and progressive views prevalent within Western intellectual circles minimize the responsibility of individuals for their own actions and undermine mores which are traditional, contributing to the formation within rich countries of an underclass which is afflicted by violence, sexually transmitted diseases, criminality, welfare dependency and drug abuse. His writings are generally based on his experience of working with criminals and the mentally ill. Dalrymple has been at various occasions been accused of being a pessimist and a misanthrope, but his persistent conservative philosophy has which is†¦show more content†¦The quiet heroism of those concerts and recitals were a potent symbol of the human achievement emanated from the fact that Myra was a Jewish and played music from the same land as the enemy’s leader who represen ted barbarism. No one questioned those concerts and its relevance when the world was ablaze but they understood the defiant gesture of humanity and culture in the face of unprecedented brutality, and provide a subtle noble message. The story of Dalrymple’s horrified discovery, in Liberia’s Centennial Hall where he describes about a never seen before rejection of human refinement, wherein the piano not only represented the Liberia’s culture but also an idea of civilization, in itself an obvious coarseness of the gesture of contempt. The reaction of two young British journalists, to whom there was nothing significant in the vandalizing of the piano—only an inanimate object. There was no compassion for the scores of thousands of people who had been killed and many more had been displaced from their homes in the civil wars .He was appalled to see that the two could see no connection between the impulse to destroy the piano and the impulse to kill and no conn ection between respect for human life and for the finer productions of human labor, no connection between the book burnings in Nazi Germany and all the subsequent barbarities of that regime. This pair of seemingly trivial incidents reveals with an odd poignancy, orShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesMexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sà £o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright  © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing

What American Ideal Sets Our Country Apart As Unique And...

What American ideal sets our country apart as unique and all its own, different from all other countries in the world? The idea of true liberty, or freedom from oppression within society (Oxford Dictionary), can be seen throughout American culture. This quality, however, has not always been equally demonstrated to all groups of people. Ever since the founding of the country, the African-American community has strived for liberty and equality in society. After being pushed down into the chains of slavery, they began to rise and fight for what was rightfully theirs through the blood, sweat, and tears of many. The American ideal of liberty has gradually expanded and provided new opportunities for the once enslaved community of African-Americans; this expansion has been the result of the lifelong efforts and struggles of members of that community like Olaudah Equiano, Frederick Douglass, Mr. Ryder, W.E.B. DuBois, and Booker T. Washington. Olaudah Equiano grew up as a free boy in Africa. In his narrative, he defined liberty when describing his village as celebrating â€Å"every great event†¦ in public dances, which [were] accompanied with songs and music suited to the occasion† (Equiano 356). Before Africans were enslaved, they were a free race in their own land. The native Africans understood liberty as the ability to govern themselves and hold their livelihood in their own hands. This all changed for Equiano when one day captors â€Å"seized [him]†¦ and ran off with [him] into theShow MoreRelatedI Think That Elazar’S Labels For Iowa Are Right On The748 Words   |  3 Pagesforce. This holds true, especially during the caucus, when Iowa gets a lot of attention. I feel Iowans support each other and rally to help each other. In turn, this helps us strengthen and maintain our society. I would expect the regional difference to decline because as people move around the country their ideas, or political culture in this case, would spread, and synthesize with other cultures just as the map in the article showed. That’s why in some areas you see mixtures between moral, individualRead MoreIAH 201 paper 11183 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Dr. Magee From Relative Isolation to Global Involvement At the time of the Spanish American War the United States went from relative isolation to increased global involvement because of 1. The spirit of the American people captured by the idea of the frontier and, 2. The belief it was the duty of America to maintain peace of all nations. The consequences of this increased global involvement on American Society was 3. The clashing views of the imperialist and anti-imperialist parties. AmericaRead MoreShould The United States Leave The U. N?1197 Words   |  5 PagesGarrett Nelson US015 2827 Word Count: 1411 Should the U.S leave the U.N? In our world today we have something known as the United Nation, U.N. The U.N is an international organization that was founded in 1945, it is currently made up of 193 countries. The U.N was set up so that governments around the world could develop relations and help maintain world peace. Over the past few years the U.N has begun to fall apart. So that leads to the question is it time for the U.S to leave the U.N or shouldRead MoreThe Threat of Human Cloning Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesa uniqueness that guarantees individuality in a swiftly growing world. Is not individuality after all one of the most highly acclaimed American ideals? Does it not compose the backbone of freedom, our country’s founding doctrine? It most assuredly does, and individuality therefore, is one of the most integral parts of human society. The importance of this ideal dictates that we protect it at all costs, because a threat to it, is a threat to the manner in which human society operates . CloningRead MoreImpacts of First World War1341 Words   |  6 Pagesentire world policy and economy. Millions of people died and equal number of people became homeless. Big empires of 20th century fell apart and new small national countries were established. We can say that WWI caused a really big disaster, especially for country which was participant. But there are similarities and differences how it did effect. On different countries in the same way war had different influence. The example for that is Germany and Serbia. ï‚šPolitic War had the most influence on politicRead MorePersonal Note On The Foreclosure Crisis891 Words   |  4 Pagesadmit that it happened to me and the experience was life shattering. Like many first-time home buyers, I was ecstatic to have a home to raise my children in and to hobble up the stairs in once I reached a more mature age. However, I that dream fell apart after I lost my job as a manager and my husband left me. 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These beliefs are inbounded within our brain and because of these personal notions are that our actions are committed. Though out of everything that is taught within our lives, the one that contains the biggest effect of all is religion. This is what we are told decides everything for us, including where we will go after death. Now as generation’s come and go, religion is perceived differentlyRead MoreOutsiders By Howard S. Becker1619 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered an outsider. This is shown when Becker, as seen above, says, â€Å"When a rule is enforced†. W hat he says also sets up the different points of view. When Becker says, â€Å"person who is supposed to have†, he means the person who breaks the â€Å"rule† may not consider it a rule at all or just not think it applies to him, â€Å"a special kind of person†. Showing how the deviant person sets himself/herself apart from the general public, this person will not be offended by the people who judge him because heRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is a little bit racism in all of us, although it may not be as evident in one person as it is in another. In the 2004 film,  Crash, race is portrayed as being an abnormality that negatively sets one person apart from another, which to this day is a reoccurring issue. Racial discrimination is a prominent theme in this particular screen play, that touches each character in a unique  way. The movie demonstrates that although everyone is not exactly the same, we are all connect ed to each other in one

Global Financial Imbalances Essay Free Essays

string(290) " You can also review Free Politics Essay – International Political Economy Global Financial imbalances Liberalisation of trade is pursued by states because it defends international mobility of investment in sites of production, free trade, trade and financial liberalisation in services\." Global Financial Imbalances Essay – How the arrangements of global trade act as a driver of global imbalances Abstract This paper looks at the different factors causing trade imbalance on the global trade arena. This global financial imbalances essay identifies the different factors that affect the global trade imbalances of trade as envisioned in the global trade agreements. The findings reveal that there is need for countries to look into better ways of ensuring that a level playing field is provided for all and proper mechanisms enacted to ensure that no member state flouts the rules and policies. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Financial Imbalances Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Pettis (2013, p. 65) claims that trade is a very controversial issue around the world because many people hold the perception that trade agreements and even trade itself undermines some human rights like labour rights, and even affordable medicine in some cases. Many international institutions have emerged to act as a means for countries to foster new economic order. Some of the institutions include bodies like World Trade Organisation which has eventually replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to help reduce trade tariffs; the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Group (APEC). These trade agreements are being formed to help regions integrate and enable smooth trading among the trading partners. In addition to the aforementioned regional trade agreements, countries are still negotiating other bilateral trade agreements in all parts of the world. (Rebucci et al 2009, p.44). All these efforts are being directed at liberalising the world economy in order to ensure smooth flow of goods and services in the global market. This liberalisation of trade and investment around the globe has made a large contribution to an increase in global trade volumes, portfolio investment and foreign direct investments, all of which have made significant impacts on the member countries. Despite all the advantages that accompany neoliberalism, it has flaws because it has created trade imbalances in the member states. Liberalisation of trade has been appealing to states because of the logic of comparative advantage as it relocates the factors of production to areas where they would yield a greater advantage through subjection to international competition and trade. This is what guided the formation of associations like World Trade Organisation and the European Union. However, this is part of the causative agents for global trade imbalance because the international economy and the financial system are increasingly becoming vulnerable to the policies of the surplus countries as some countries intentionally refuse to play along the rules of liberalisation (Koo 2011, p. 77). You can also review Free Politics Essay – International Political Economy Global Financial imbalances Liberalisation of trade is pursued by states because it defends international mobility of investment in sites of production, free trade, trade and financial liberalisation in services. Therefore economic efficiency lies in the increase in specialisation in production and circulation of goods and services, and reallocation of capital in the global market. However, the recession being suffered by the developed states has leftthe future of trade liberalisation in the balance as these countries may decide to opt for protectionism in order to shield their economies from such adverse effects (Fardoust et al 2011, p. 54). In contrast to the situation in 2008, countries now have some tools which they can use to mitigate the renewed economic downtown which increases the chances of it generating into a recessionIf the economic downtown continues then the protectionist pressure is likely to increase. However Koo (2011, p. 19) asserts that the first countries that will erect trade barriers to cushion themselves against economic downtown will obviously be blamed for the eventual damage that will be made to the global trading system. However, the countries that will be more responsible for this are the ones that skew their industrial structures, exchange rate policies and tax systems to gain competitive advantage. The irony of this scenario is that the governments that are most dependent on the free trade i.e. the ones that produce more commodities than they can consume will be the biggest hindrance to the sustainable recovery of the global economy (Pettis 2013, p. 55). It is therefore advisable for these countries to change course before it is too late for them to act, or else they will suffer adversely if other governments decide to erect new trade barriers because it will affect their market segments. The countries with surplus production have a tendency of exhorting the governments with deficits to live within their means, pay their debts and save more. However the real challenge facing the global economy is the acute lack of aggregate demand. The globe is already awash with savings but profitable investment opportunities are very minimal which manifests itself in the weakness of consumption (Morrison et al 2007, p. 31). The implication for this is that saving more is not a solution to the countries with trade deficits. Indeed saving more will be extremely disastrous as it will reduce consumption. Reducing consumption will depress investment because households will no longer be buying more and as a consequence, aggravate the fiscal problems. If the governments with big trade deficits opt to save more, then those with surplus will be forced to spend more and save less. Fund (2010, p. 66) claims that the weakness of domestic demand in the United Kingdom, United States and the rest of the Eurozone is grossly affecting the global demand but there is nothing to offset it. The governments with big surpluses like Japan, Germany and China are not doing anything to help ease the contraction in demand elsewhere. Such a situation is fraught with risks because for the world to continue enjoying the benefits of global trade and finance, then there must be a mechanism for unwinding the global trade imbalances. This then leads the discussion to the definition of trade imbalance in order to be able to identify its causes and effects. You can also review UK Trademark and Fashion Brands Essay What is trade imbalance? Duncan (2013, p.65) defines trade balance of a government as a reflection of what it spends less what it produces. A country has a trade surplus if its income exceeds its expenditure which enables it to lend the surplus to the countries where their expenditures exceed their income. In so doing these countries are able to accumulate international assets. The countries with a deficit on the other hand are on the flipside of this as they spend more than their income and have to borrow from the governments with surpluses to cover for the difference. However, in the process of covering their difference, they end up accumulating international debts or liabilities. Surplus economies are dependent on the deficit economies just like the deficit economies are dependent on the surplus economies which imply that there is a mutual relationship of dependency. Therefore it is not possible for all governments to run in surpluses or deficits as both must be in existence for the relationship to subsis t. This then leads to the question of whether trade imbalances are sustainable or not. Trade imbalances and the eventual capital flows between governments are not necessarily the problem. The fast ageing wealthy governments often have excess savings which enables them to make investments in economies with insufficient savings to meet their investment needs (Duncan 2013, p.90). Historically, this meant putting more investments in the rapidly developing economies. As long as the current account deficits remain modest and governments invest the surplus in ways that promote economic growth, then such imbalances are sustainable. However, the current trade imbalances around the world are of a different type (Hall et al 2011, p. 70). They are much bigger than was ever anticipated. For instance the most serious is that between China and the United States where China is still maintaining a huge trade surplus with the United States. Most of the other trade imbalances are between economies with the same levels of development, for example Japan and the United States, and between the Eurozone members. Such imbalances are far from benign as they destabilize the flow of capital between economies. For instance the 2007 global financial crisis and the resultant Eurozone crisis were caused by capital flaws between countries (Haddad and, Shepherd 2011, p. 43). The banks that were overleveraged made matters worse as they further amplified the crisis. However, the underlying reason for the capital outflows was economies with surpluses seeking higher returns. The surplus economies like the United Kingdom, United States and the rest of the Eurozone failed to find productive uses for their surpluses. Instead of boosting productivity, the inflow investments ended up raising assets prices leading to excessive borrowing by the households. The trade imbalances survived both crisis and are even growing again at high levels. However, this is not sustainable. Unlike in the period preceding the 2007 crisis, the current deficit has nothing to do with excess demand in the economies with deficit. It is occurring against a backdrop of stagnation and a decrease in the living standards of these economies. Firms and households of the deficit economies are even saving more and there is no offsetting decline in savings in the private sector within the economies with surpluses (Chen et al 2012, p. 47). Against such kind of economic activities, the trade deficits constitute a major hindrance to economic activities as they reduce employment and demand and as a consequence forces governments to intervene by running huge fiscal deficits. The external demand that the surplus economies rely on is heavily dependent on unsustainable policies in the economies with deficits. You can also review Finance Essay on Savings and Loans Crisis Theoretical foundation – Unger: institutional arrangements and outcomes Roberto Unger proposes an institutional arrangement for the organisation of civil societies, democracies and market economies. He claims that neo-liberalisation of trade is based on theory of comparative advantage that is too partial. It is this partiality that has created global trade imbalances. Roberto Unger argues that the current model of comparative advantage used for free trade arguments is not only partial but is also incomplete and empirically inaccurate to permit the formulation of global business policies. His major concern is the trade policies and designs of the global trading systems which he thinks are inherently designed to create trade imbalances (Claessens, et al 2010, p.81). The theory of comparative advantage is incomplete because it has as a premise the existence of an established comparative advantage. The comparative advantage in the real world is a function of a complex array of economic, social, and political factors. As such it is not possible to determine a case for free trade until fully taking into account the manner in which these factors interact to create the regime of an economy. It is these differences relative to unit costs across countries that create comparative advantage. Different trade agreements often have an effect on the patterns of advantage that an economy can develop and then eventual gains it can attain from free trade. In addition to this, the trade theories often find that multiple world equilibriums exists both in the presence of increasing returns and scale economies as well as the conventional return models (Unger 2005, p. 89). Whichever of these equilibriums the global economy leads a country into affects the aggregate efficiency and distribution of the gains from trade across nations. In the process of selecting equilibrium, broader political and social processes are likely to play a significant role. Only once the effects of trade restrictions on social and political forces have been determined and the eventual selection of an equilibrium made, can a definitive case for or against liberal trade policies be made. This is the reason why Unger proposed the development of a more complex theory of trade premised on a set of basic ideas that play analogous role for labelling the assumptions of a formal model. Without the formal model that takes into account all the factors that affect equilibrium, then the trade imbalances will continue to exist. Other Causes of Trade Imbalance Some countries like China are fuelling imbalance in the global economy by devaluing the Yuan like the Japanese did 26 years ago (Aaronson Zimmerman 2008, p.81). The country is accused of intentionally devaluing its exchange rates. Although it is not easy to accurately calculate the exchange rate of the Yuan, economists believe it is undervalued by up to 40% and consensus indicate that the policy of China of stockpiling foreign exchange reserves is responsible for this (Aaronson Zimmerman 2008, p.33). The country has been able to use its huge trade surplus to buy US currency and treasuries in order to maintain a high demand for the US Dollar and make the Yuan appear relatively cheap. This raises the price competitiveness of China against the United States. Acts of money intervention by China to create trade imbalance is deliberate as it spends a lot of money in the market to keep the Yuan undervalued. This market interference by China is fuelling trade deficits in the United States because American companies are forced to outsource jobs to China in order to be able to enjoy cheap labour (Claessens, Evenett Hoekman 2010, p. 64). The purchasing power of the Chinese is equally suppressed because they are less able to afford foreign products and increase their living standards. This makes it hard for foreign companies to sell their products in the country because the weak Yuan renders them expensive for the average Chinese consumer. The manipulation of trade by China is also fuelling overconsumption in the United States by buying up government treasuries. The artificial suppression of the value of Yuan allows the treasury department to lower the long term interest rates. This fuels the western and American debt, over consumption and ensures that the demand for the Chinese exports is sustained. Although such a practice is not illegal, it creates imbalance in the global trade arena. Although the East and China have played a major role in the provision of attractively priced commodities and financing the western debts, the west has also been responsible for the creation of trade imbalance owing to their inability to control their over consumption (Berger and Nitsch 2010, p. 62). Other than the manipulation of currency by China, the country also supresses labour rights thus lowering the costs of production in the country. The repression of labour by the Chinese government has lowered the manufacturing wages of the workers by approximately 47% to 86% (Chen et al 2012, p.86). The country also provides huge direct export subsidies to its major industries in order to boost production for the export market. Finally, China maintains strict non-tariff barriers to imports. This has ensured that the country maintains trade imbalance with other countries and as at 2011 the Chinese exports to the US were more than four times what the United States exported to China. This trade imbalance from China was further enhanced partly when the country was accepted into the World Trade Organisation without inclusion of a clause to improve the environmental standards and the labour conditions. The entry of China into the economic playing field has further worsened things for the domestic workers in the United States in favour of the multinational companies working in China. You can also review Free International Relations Trade Dissertation Essay Conclusion This essay has identified the different factors affecting the balance of trade on the international arena. Some countries are deliberately carrying out actions to influence the balance of trade in their favour at the expense of the other partners. Although there are countries that are interfering with the global balance provided by the international market, there is need for countries to look into better ways of ensuring that a good business environment is provided for all and proper mechanisms enacted to ensure that no member state flouts the rules and policies You can also review International Business Environment Essay References Aaronson, S. A., Zimmerman, J. M. (2008). Trade imbalance: The struggle to weigh human rights concerns in trade policymaking. New York, N.Y., : Cambridge University Press. Berger, H., Nitsch, V., International Monetary Fund. (2010). The Euro?s Effect on Trade Imbalances. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund. Chen, R., Milesi-Ferretti, G.-M., Tressel, T., International Monetary Fund., International Monetary Fund. (2012). External imbalances in the Euro area. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. Claessens, S., Evenett, S. J., Hoekman, B. M. (2010). Rebalancing the global economy: A primer for policymaking. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Duncan, R. (2013). The dollar crisis: Causes, consequences, cures. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Fund, I. M. (2010). European Financial Linkages. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Haddad, M., Shepherd, B., World Bank. (2011). Managing openness: Trade and outward-oriented growth after the crisis. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Hall, P. V., McCalla, R. J., Comtois, C., Slack, B. (2011). Integrating seaports and trade corridors. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Koo, R. C. (2011). The Holy Grail of Macroeconomics: Lessons from Japans Great Recession. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Korea-World Bank High Level Conference on Post-Crisis Growth and Development, Fardoust, S., Kim, Y., Sepulveda, C. P., World Bank., Taeoe Kyo?ngje Cho?ngch’aek Yo?n’guwo?n (Korea). (2011). Postcrisis growth and development: A development agenda for the G-20. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Morrison, C. E., Pedrosa, E., Pacific Economic Cooperation Council., APEC Business Advisory Council., Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. (2007). An APEC trade agenda?: The political economy of a free trade area of the Asia-Pacific. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Pettis, M. (2013). The great rebalancing: Trade, conflict, and the perilous road ahead for the world economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Rebucci, A., Batini, N., Cova, P., Pisani, M. (2009). Global Imbalances. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Unger, R. M. (2005). What should the Left propose?. London: Verso. For other resources, please take a look at our site Journal. If you need to place an order, please visit our website. How to cite Global Financial Imbalances Essay, Essay examples

Pollution in Vellore Essay Example

Pollution in Vellore Paper The central pollution control Board (CB) in conjunction with IT-Delhi. The observation of pollution in this city was conducted with an aim to study the sources of pollution in the city and measures to control it. The observation of pollution was done by roaming around in the city between coauthor bus stand to new bus stand. The rapid industrial growth is responsible for the pollution. KEYWORDS: Historical destination, conjunction, pollution. Since the industrial revolution the world has witnessed the rapid expansion of its cities. For years humans have been flocking to these urban centers in reach of jobs, commodities, entertainment and other phenomenal can commonly be found in cities. [l] Pollution of Environment or environmental pollution means making the environment foul. Our environment means the surrounding of our house where we live, the surrounding of our village where we live or the surrounding of our town or city where we live. Elf our surrounding gets polluted we suffer from many kinds of disease and sickness. If our surrounding gets highly polluted, our life gets endangered. 2] Modern development processes, especially industrialization, have come in for a great Ella of criticism for their utter disregard for the environment. Trash and garbage is a common sight in urban and rural areas of India. It is a major source of pollution. [3] Street corners are piled with trash. Public places and sidewalks are despoiled with filth and litter, rivers and canals act as garbage dumps. [4] Air pollution is a seri ous issue with the major sources being followed and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion. 5] In urban areas, vehicle emissions are another source of air pollution. Vehicle emissions are worsened by fuel adulteration and poor fuel ambition Effie sciences from traffic congestion and low density of quality, high speed road network per 1000 people.. [6] Rapid arbitration during the recent decades has given rise to a number of environmental problems such as water supply, waste water generation and its collection, treatment and disposal. Velour city which came up on the bank of polar river have not given a proper thought to the problems of wastewater, sewerage etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Vellore specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Vellore specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Vellore specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In urban areas, the wastewater is let out untreated and causes large scale water pollution. [7] METHODOLOGY: To find out the source of the pollution and think over the measures to control it the region between coauthor bus stand and new bus stand of velour city was selected as the locale for this study. The observation of the pollution was carried out by roaming around the streets. Photographs were taken out and normal discussion of source of pollution was done with local people. The local people were asked about the difficulties they face due to the pollution and how Can We overcome this from their point of view. Use of internet and e- books were taken to study more about this problem and to check it. RESULT: From the above study we came to know that the pollution in velour city is no more different from other cities. The common sites seen were roadside garbage dumping, unhygienic area around water sources, air pollution due to emission of gases by vehicles, accumulation of solid waste and poor sanitation. This problem is common to almost every city in India. The common traditional known sources of air pollution are power plants, industries, road dust, construction work, garbage burning, vehicle exhaust and domestic fuels. The sources of land pollution are garbage dumping and improper disposal of solid waste. The sources of water pollution are sewage discharge from industries, poor sanitation, disposal Of waste in water SOL_Ceres and religious sources. DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS: The important landmarks that come between old coauthor bus stand of velour to new bus stand of velour are Papillary soil, their magna, silk mill, changing, deodorants, pirouette and new bridge road over the polar river. Problems related to city: use of trackless, plastic plates, cups and bags, tin cans and similar throw- away items has increased in the last decade. Lack of proper waste collection, segregation and management systems and poor sanitary conditions are aggravating health problems. The reason for the contamination of the ground water in Velour is because the tanneries are dumping their effluents into citys lifeline?the Polar River. All the tanneries here from Vanadium to Rainier dump their effluents into the river. CA] Problem related to polar river bed: The Polar River bed is dry most of the year because it is a seasonal river. It stirs to life every year during the monsoon. When the river is devoid of water the riverbed is quarried for its 15 feet of sand.

The Schulich School of Business †Example Admission Essay

The Schulich School of Business – Example Admission Essay Free Online Research Papers The Schulich School of Business Example Admission Essay The Schulich School of Business is global and widely recognized for its diversity. Each applicant has a set of unique experiences and perspectives which contribute to the program. How will your background enhance and broaden your learning and that of your classmates in Schulich’s dynamic environment? I am an Asian-American woman living and working in the global city of New York. Growing up in an international city allowed me to become a multicultural individual and develop into a young woman different from my counterparts in Asia and here in the United States as well. I was taught by my parents not only the values of a Chinese culture but also to strive to enhance my strengths and to go forth and establish a successful career in business while always relating back to my Chinese roots. These values of diligence, perseverance and selflessness influence my everyday work and personal life. During my childhood and adolescence, I maintained a Chinese identity at home and an American one at school. In the presence of family, I attended Chinese language school, learned Chinese calligraphy and Chinese folk dancing. My parents were treated with the extreme respect due to our elders as taught by Chinese culture. At school, my grades were always near perfect due to the pressure of my parents. My Confucian influences led me to always think of my family’s needs above my own. While at elementary school, I conformed to American culture at school, happily chatting with my friends about American pop culture. In high school, my school was no longer majority Caucasian. It was extremely minority-based and thus I began to merge the two culturally different sides of myself into a â€Å"Chinese-American.† When I started college, I chose a top business program with a large Asian population. In doing so, I felt that I could relate better to my fellow classmates. As a child and an adolescent I tried to separate the two parts of my identity. It was during my years as an undergraduate that I became fully Chinese-American, merging the strengths of each individual culture and developing my own sense of self. I value the ideals of diligence and perseverance taken from my Chinese culture. These principles allow me to lay a foundation for my ability in my career; to always improve myself by learning new things and to always accomplish any goal I set for myself. However, I also take in the American beliefs of ambition and individuality. When I began my post-undergraduate career, I experienced what I can only describe as â€Å"culture shock.† Up until that point in time, my entire world revolved around the Asian-American society and there was no one in my new office that could relate. However, as time progressed, I began to once again merge my two worlds bringing a bit of the Chinese in me to the office and taking home a bit of the American in me home. Now, being an Asian American woman in the world of business, I feel that merging both of my cultural backgrounds can only make me a stronger and more successful person in business- especially the realm of international business. With Asia rising as a new economic powerhouse, my ability to relate to both cultures will enable me to cultivate a career in either Asia or North America while maintaining my multicultural identity. The challenges faced as an Asian-American woman is usually that I am expected to conform to either one culture or another. As the world has not completely developed in this newly begun internationalization trend, the pressure to be either fully American or fully Asian is something I that I face on a day to day basis. Beyond just the cultural differences, my gender also affects my daily life as women hold different expectations than men – especially in Chinese culture. As an Asian American woman in business, the general stereotype is for me to work diligently and not understand nor embrace the concept of relationship management. Cited in a New York Newsday article published in 2001, the value of selflessness is often reflected in the work of someone from an Asian descent. Attending one of the top business undergraduate programs in the United States taught me that this school of thought could only lead to my demise; a future that did not include moving up in the business world. In order to differentiate myself from this stereotype, I have always tried to be outspoken although it can be difficult and intimidating for me. I’ve learned that relationship management and networking are extremely important in the business world and in order to achieve my goals, I cannot be quiet and reserved but rather outgoing and assertive. What I bring to the table at my current job and what I would bring to Schulich is a multi-cultural mindset from a female perspective. In the world of marketing, the focus is always on selling to your target market. As someone who can relate to numerous target markets, I can offer numerous perspectives as opposed to my counterparts elsewhere. The strengths I’ve taken from all aspects of my background – from being Chinese, being American, and being a woman- are all reflected in my work ethic and are deeply embedded in my sense of self. In all aspects of my life, I always offer a different perspective than those of my friends and colleagues. It is this that makes me unique in the way that I approach business. I believe that it is my background and cultural differences that allows me to think differently than others. It also allows me to develop my own distinctive combination of strengths that are not found elsewhere. Research Papers on The Schulich School of Business Admission EssayHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonWhere Wild and West MeetStandardized TestingTwilight of the UAWEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Headline

How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Headline How confident are you in your LinkedIn headline? Have you crafted it with keywords and viewer engagement in mind? Many LinkedIn users have not considered either SEO or marketing strategies in their headlines, mistakenly believing that their LinkedIn headline must be the same as their current job title. I frequently see job titles like â€Å"Project Manager at ABC Company.† In fact, using your current job title with nothing more will do very little to help you get found on LinkedIn. With 120 characters to play with, you can do so much more! LinkedIn headlines with brief titles such as IT Consultant, Sports Executive, or Sales Professional dont distinguish you from every other person with the same job description in a pool of half a billion LinkedIn users. To stand out in your LinkedIn headline, you must use both keywords and an attention-grabbing statement. Otherwise, you wont appear at the top of LinkedIn search results, and you certainly wont capture your readers attention. How to Identify Keywords for a KILLER LinkedIn Headline Not sure how to choose your top keywords? Here are my top 5 tips for building your LinkedIn SEO: 1. Put yourself in the position of the people who are searching for you. Who is searching for you on LinkedIn? Are they potential clients? Recruiters and hiring managers? Future business partners? Think about what and whom they would be looking for on LinkedIn and identify the phrases they would be searching for. These keywords might include job titles, core competencies, geographical regions, technical skills, soft skills, languages and more. Put the top keywords you identify into your headline. 2. Brainstorm. You know your profession better than anyone, so simply brainstorming commonly used words in your field can reap the perfect keywords. 3. Do comparative research. Another great tactic is looking at the profiles of other people with backgrounds or positions similar to yours. What keywords are showing up in their headlines? You might want to â€Å"borrow† them. Do not – I repeat do NOT – copy someone else’s LinkedIn headline (or any part of their profile) verbatim! 4. Wordle it (for job seekers). If you are a job seeker, you can look at job advertisements for your target position and count keywords by hand that are showing up repeatedly. Or, to save some time and energy, use Wordle.net (Java must be installed, and Safari and Internet Explorer work best). Simply put the copy from a few job listings into Wordle.net/create and generate a word map that shows you what words come up most frequently. Use those keywords! Here’s what I got when I put in some financial analyst job descriptions: And here’s one for a CTO: 5. Featured Skills Endorsements LinkedIn has done a lot of work for you in the Skills section. The items that come up in the drop-down menu in that section are keywords most searched for by recruiters. Scan through the skills that autopopulate there to see what keywords LinkedIn suggests for your profession. Once you have identified your top keywords, use them! Before I knew the power of keywords, my LinkedIn headline read: Founder and Senior Editor, The Essay Expert. Note the lack of keywords in that headline. Now it reads: The new headline has a lot more keywords. When I changed my headline, as well as added more keywords to my Current Job Title, Summary, Skills, and other Job Titles, I went from being almost invisible in searches to coming up first in the search rankings on queries for Executive Resume Writer in my geographic area of Madison, WI. Adding keywords will not only help your SEO within LinkedIn, but it will help you on Google too. Heres a sample Google result: Its incontrovertible. You will get value from including keywords in your LinkedIn headline. So if your  LinkedIn headline consists solely of your job title and company name, go change it now! How to Convey Your Unique Selling Proposition (USP) Once you’ve identified your keywords, craft a headline for your profile that tells us what makes you unique while including as many of those keywords as possible. Here are some examples: Frank Kanu Management / Business Consultant ââ€"   Speaker ââ€"   Author ââ€"   Leading Fortune 500 and Small Business Executives Teams Dave Stachowiak Host/Founder of Coaching for Leaders, a Top 10 iTunes careers podcast Senior VP, Dale Carnegie of Southern Los Angeles Ole-Kristian Sivertsen Senior Vice President Maritime | Global Eagle (MTN, EMC, GEE) | Market Leader in Mobility, Content Connectivity See the advantage over headlines like Consultant or Senior VP? More explicit headlines give spark and color to your profile as opposed to just listing your job title; and they contain keywords to help you appear at the top of search results. They can also hint at your personality, the results you produce, and some of your soft skills. NOTE: Including proper keywords does not guarantee your profile will appear at the top of searches. There are other factors that go into search rankings- most notably your number of connections and your level of profile completeness. But without keywords, your profile is guaranteed to remain at the bottom of the pile. MOBILE NOTE: When connections search for you on their phones, your entire LinkedIn headline is not visible, so use your most important keywords in the first 50 characters. What if Ive never held the position I want to be found for? If you are seeking a position as VP of Finance, and you have never held that position before, consider creative ways of including the keywords VP and Finance. For example: VP-Level Finance Executive or Available for VP of Finance Position at Growing Company. Of course you need to make sure not to misrepresent yourself, so you might need to say Poised for†¦ or something similar. Note that if you have performed the functions to match a job title, you can put the job title in your headline. I say if youve done the job, you can claim the job title! Should I include a tagline? There is evidence that you will have a higher conversion rate if you include a tagline or unique selling proposition (USP) in addition to straight keywords in your headline. Best strategy: Use keywords to increase the frequency with which you are found in searches; include a tagline or USP to generate interest so people click to read more. In conclusion†¦ More keywords in your LinkedIn headline means you will rank higher in searches- more people will find you. And with an effective tagline, people will be sufficiently intrigued to read more. An increase in page views means more potential business activity or job search activity for you. Keywords are your key to success. This article was adapted from my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile And 18 Mistakes to Avoid. For more on how to add your new headline, what pitfalls to avoid, and secret tips for putting more than 120 characters into your headline, get the book today!

What is cost Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is cost - Assignment Example A person that decides to use his time studying for college has the opportunity cost of the money he could make working in the private industry. At a minimum college students have the opportunity cost of the federal minimum salary of $7.25 an hour. Economics can be divided into two time phases which are the long run and the short run. In the short run the quantity of at least one input in fixed and the quantities of the other inputs is varied, but in contrast in the long run the quantities of all inputs are varied (Moffatt, 2010). Two inputs that are usually fixed in the short run are land and capital. The law of diminishing returns takes effects in the short run (Tutor2u, 2010). The production of firms changes in levels of output during the long run. When a person goes to a car dealership having knowledge of economics can help the buyer negotiate a better deal. The car sales business operates in cycle. We are currently in November which implies that the dealership has to get rid of its entire 2010 inventory to make room for the 2011 models. I can argue to the car salesman this point in order to ask for a price reduction. Another argument that I can use in order to obtain a price reduction is to talk about the state of the economy. Due to the fact that unemployment is current close to 10% there are not that many people buying new cars. I deserve a price discount since your company cannot afford to lose my business. A third way to negotiate a better deal is by showing the auto dealership your credit score. I could argue that a person with an excellent credit score deserves a price discount. There are many types of costs that are relevant for a firm. One of the largest expenses accounts in the corporate world is the payroll account. The salaries of employees are a major source of the cost structure of a company. Another cost driver in corporation is the cost of materials. In the retail industry cost of

Final Exam Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Exam - Article Example This implies that the approach offers a more holistic outlook of the presidency, noting that it takes different variables into account. The third advantage is that it explicates the historical changes in the boundaries of presidential power. The fourth advantage is that it explicates what the president is mandated to do – according to customs and law. The disadvantage of this approach is that the approach does not explain the activities and the roles that the president engages in, irrespective of the fact that it defines the roles that the president does not take. Secondly, this approach has little explanation of the reasons behind the roles of the president and the importance of the roles he takes – within the specified boundaries. This implies that the rationales underlying presidential duties are not explored under the model; therefore it limits the understanding of its audience. The psychological approach focuses on the psychological qualities of a president and the relationship between these qualities to his responsibilities. The advantages of this approach include that it explains what presidents do and the reasons behind these actions; it explains presidential conduct, decision-making; organization of staffs and outcomes, which expresses the importance of certain psychological qualities (Bowles, 1999). The second advantage is that it compels the audience to evaluate presidential candidates and office holders, on the basis of many areas, including their personal and personality attributes; this outlook offers a micro-perspective conception to the study of the presidency (Robert & Zeckhauser, 2011). The disadvantages of this approach include that it emphasizes the personality traits of presidents and does not offer attention to any other factors. The second disadvantage is that the approach does not pay any attention to the laws, the constitution, the customs and other significant sets of values and provisions, which are instrumental in the

Disciplines In Health Promotion Health And Social Care Essay

Disciplines In Health Promotion Health And Social Care Essay In the past years there has been an increasing expectation of new strategies and ideas concerning Public Health and Health Promotion with regards to effectiveness, efficiency and the importance of a wide range of various disciplines contributing to enhance the uses of resources and the practice of health promotion (Macdonald and Bunton 2004). This assignment will explore with critical reflections and throw more light on the importance of the various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, economics and ethics that contribute to improve the practice of health promotion. Discussions will include the relevance of economics, sociology and ethics to the practice of health promotion and ways in which these can contribute to understanding and evaluating health promotion. Finally it is expected that this assignment will highlight the problems and challenges identified, address them and make recommendations for professional practice. CONCEPT OF HEALTH The most acceptable known definition of health, states that health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO 1946). However, although this definition has been accepted widely as a holistic and positive interpretation of health, it has been criticised for not including the spiritual and emotional aspects of health (Ewles and Simnett 2003 cited in Bennett et al 2009 p. 48). The question is what really informs the understanding of health and ill health considering the lay people and the practitioner is that, the definition of health is entirely personal to the individual and his/her life styles. This has become necessary that healthcare professional should understand that the interpretation of health is highly understood differently from one person to the other with regards to issues militating against them from one point of time such as self-esteem, social support, individual control and social status (Laverack 2007), so that in an attempt to address these issues one should be ready to consider to embrace and undertake interventions of health promotions to achieve realistic goals. Blaxter (1990) identified five main concepts of health as follows, health as a physical fitness, health as social relationships, health as a function, health as psychosocial well-being, that prevails with young men of higher socioeconomic groups and lastly, health as not ill that is the absence of symptoms or medical effort widely used by all group. The term health promotion describes a multidimensional approach to encouraging health related lifestyle changes among individuals and communities (Laverack 2007). Health promotion aims to allow people to increase their control over their health and the factors that affect it, with the ultimate aim of enhancing health and its determinants (WHO 1986, 2005). Naidoo and Wills (2000) described three levels of health education as follows, Primary prevention for example immunisation, Secondary prevention for example screening. Then Tertiary prevention which aims to limit complications associated with irreversible conditions, for example cardiac rehabilitation. However, an individuals approach to health promotion will be influenced by their own health beliefs and that of the profession they represent. Ewles and Simnett (2003) outlined a framework of five approaches that demonstrate a range of values and beliefs that are commonly held. A value is an idea or concept that is regarded as worthy, desirable or useful (Moore 2001). And according to Fishbein (1976), a belief is a probability judgement that links some object or concept to some attribute The five approaches are; Medical approach to prevent disease, Behaviour change approach that is persuasive education, Educational approach that provides patients right to make an informed choice, Empowerment approach, this is patient-centred approach that helps patients to identify their own learning needs and, facilitated by a health educator, gain the knowledge and skills they require to make decisions about their health needs and the Social change approach this does not focus on the individual but on society as a whole (Ewles and Simnett 2003). Similarly health promotion interventions can be achieve by adopting the downstream approaches to tackle health behaviours that give rise to problems and upstream approaches to tackle the causes of such behaviours such as alcohol and smoking problem that leads to social exclusion and poverty. To alleviate this problem taxes should be imposed on such items and local employment programmes set up at the upstream to tackle the cause. Health info rmation and behaviour programmes should be provided to solve this problem at the downstream (Mckinlay 1979). THE DISCIPLINES For health promotion to be effective and efficient, it is important to explore a variety of disciplines as well as the use of an available resources and the appropriate evidence base practice (Macdonald and Bunton 2004). The question is which discipline ideas, concepts or theories inform us in promoting health? But generally it has been said that psychology has played an important role in formulating strategies (Bennett and Murphy 1997; Bennett et al. 1995), identifying aims and objectives and suggesting effective approaches for health promotion (Bunton et al. 1991; Bennett and Murphy 1997). Psychology therefore is concerned with the scientific study of the processes of the mind and behaviour and how human and other animals relate to one another with the environment (Colman 1988). It has been found that psychological theories by using communication model of behavioural change has proved successful and reported of positive outcomes for example, according to Boots and Midford (1999), suggested that females were used in campaigning in mass media activities to raised awareness of drivers to stop drinking when driving in Australia. Similarly Petty and Cacioppo (1986) by the use of Elaboration Likelihood Model explained how pre-existing beliefs and interest of an individual as well as the message content (how it is package) has a positive impact in changing behaviour that is the likelihood of a known HIV positive person who is involve in a campaign of promoting National AIDS awareness programmes can effect an increase knowledge, less risky attitudes and a safer behaviour chang e than somebody without the disease (Scollay et al. 1992). It has also been found that the use of the health belief model has given an in-depth understanding about low rates of compliance to screening and prevention recommendations. This type consist of five models, more common are the approaches that increase the barriers to unhealthy behaviours that is by use of increasing taxation in tobacco or alcohol that serves as an effective deterrent with young adults who are more affected by price changes than older adults (Lewit et al. 1981). But Brownson et al. (1995) also affirmed that by imposing restrictions on such items on alcohol without licencing, renders it ineffective that poses political issues and controversy. Also through Social learning theory (SLT), that states behaviour is the product of a relationship between perception and environmental events (Bandura 1997). It has been realised that, behaviours are influenced by two sets of expectancies, the first being the action-outcome that explains the fact that if an individual believes th at a particular action will cause disastrous health problems like smoking causes cancer then the individual sees the outcome as a value. The second being the self-efficacy expectancy, that is if the individual realises that giving up of smoking will reduce the risk of getting cancer then the person places a high value on the behavioural change. These two expectancy beliefs have been found to be effective in helping to resist peer pressure to smoke or the use of drugs (Stacy et al. 1992) and engaging in safer sex practices (OLeary et al. 1992). However it has been argued that behaviour comes as a result of a formal decision making and seems to be habitual and thoughtless (Hunt and Martin 1988). Conversely economics as a discipline has also contributed to health promotion either in a positive or negative way globally. Health economics according to Santerre and Neun (2009) studies the supply and demand of health care resources and the impact of health care resources on a population (p.4). It can also be used to access the impact of tax changes on smoking behaviour, for instance increasing taxes on such item like cigarette would be very effective. Because it will increase the cost of cigarette which will in turn correspond to a reduction in the number of young adult smokers and at the same time reduce the amount of consumption. Similarly the changes in tax do not actually affect the number of adult smokers. On the other hand if taxes are imposed on cigarettes, the disadvantage is that tobacco duty is going to go up which will affect the poor more the rich (Grossman and chaloupka 1997). Economic policies has also threaten the developments of interventions globally for instance, the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) which was hailed as a new frame work for development that would have propelled and directed change in the spheres of hunger, health and human right, equality and education is being threaten by economic problems of soaring commodity prices, government decisions of misdirecting funds and global slowdown to bring it to reality. For example this will affect the UN population fund, whose agency focuses on maternal and reproductive health which is a major public health issue for instance it has been estimated that, in India the number of women dying during childbirth is highest anywhere in the world that is one woman dying every three to six minutes from preventable causes, yet the country spends less than 0.9% of gross domestic product on public health. On the other hand it would cost the world $6bn to stop women dying during childbirth less than the amount s pent in a day and a half on the military. Also sound economic investment could go a long way to bring success in countries across Asia pushing down the poverty levels. At the same time political priorities, if geared towards health-related MDGs will help save women from dying, reduce child mortality rate, combat HIV/Aids, promote gender equality and eradicate extreme poverty and hunger globally (Holmes 2008). Another discipline of importance is sociology which has also played an effective role in promoting health. Sociology enables us to understand the structure and dynamics of society, it attempts to analyse the patterns of human behaviour and individual life changes. It also examines the different forms of social structures like groups, organisations, communities and social categories such as gender, age and race and various social institutions like kinship, political, economic or religious groups that affect human attitudes, actions, values and beliefs as well as opportunities (Thorogood 2004 cited in Macdonald and Bunton 2004). The significance of this has highlighted an understanding into how health and illness affect our everyday life and has also criticised medicine as a tool to support capitalist development and exploitation (Navarro 1974; Doyal and Pennell 1979). According to Illich (1976), medical dominance has done a lot of harm than good for example the practice of biomedicine has created a lot of sicknesses as a result from the risk of surgery, anaesthesia, effects of drugs and immunisations. This has also open ways to examine and to improve ways of different factors of health issues that is beyond the field of medicine and which the medical world does not have an adept opinion, and sociology can offer an insight into how and why these progressions occur. These also include the family structure, housing problems and employment issues as well as policies and suggest ways to address them (McKeown 1979; Kennedy 1983; Townsend and Davidson 1982). The adoption of health promotion strategies has come under scrutiny in a sense that not only does the approach of information-giving is enough to change a person but then the issue of empowerment model that is gaining greater control and making a free choice (Tones 1986 ). For example health promotion campaign in recent times has not been successful to address the issues relating to educational responses to HIV/AID. There has been various criticism in the approach with regards to norms and values that has been associated to targeted groups and more importantly the ideas and values that binds the campaign which were not expressed (Watney 1988a).The issue of impasse facing government-sponsored programmes between agencies have been emphasised, on one hand and need for appropriate information on a vital public health issue on the other as well as a political and social unwillingness to support the profile of sex (Wellings 1988; Watney 1988b). The reasons for this tension is perhaps the s ensitivity of undertaking any public educational activities which addressed forms of sexual relationship that might misinterpreted and could damage the traditional family values (Jessopp and Thorogood 1990). This can be achieved by carefully adopting a skilful decision-making strategy of acknowledging the individual social and political views as well as the structure of the community and their pre-existing values and beliefs. This will influence the ways in which information is perceived and operated on, decision-making and choice (Thorogood 2004 cited in Macdonald and Bunton 2004). Another area that has been criticised is the concept of evidence-base to inform health promotion policy and practice for achieving health outcomes (Bowen and Zwei 2005). Programmes designed to support evidence-base health promotion (EBHP) are being investigated and discussions are on-going to find out which mechanism could be most effective to support the evidence into policy practice and relevance of practice guidelines. Even though resources can be found in large organisations that are responsible for making sure the implementation of policy and supporting EBHP practices and decision making processes (Davies 2005; Speller et al. 2005), there are well documented barriers that include lack of aptness, lack of relevance of research, mutual mistrust and lack of personal contact between researchers, policy-makers and practitioners, poor quality research, political instability, resource limitations and lack of expert opinion to explain evidence. Though many organisations are making sure to develop strategies to alleviate these barriers, there is still limited published research discovering the experiences of practitioners in the interest of evidence-based resources to inform practices. But in seeking to improve the evidence-base for health promotion and public health a multi-dimensional approach is required (Nutbeam 1999; Tang et al. 2003). CONCLUSION This essay to a large extent has given an insight into understanding the concepts, principles and models of health as well as public health and health promotion as being applied in a national and global context. It has also highlighted in a broader perspective understanding as to the way in which psychology has contributed effectively in a more rigorous application of psychological theories within health promotion interventions and evaluation designs (schaalma et al. 1996). And more also as a discipline to a large extent the contribution made in economics to health Promotion in identifying which forms of health promotion are worthwhile and which is not and therefore provided a framework which enables identification of where the benefits of health promotion justify the cost and to what extent. Lastly understanding the relevance of sociology for health promotion which has helped to outline the broad basis of sociological methods, considering the contribution this method has made or mig ht make and the criticism of health promotion, both in its methods and in its goals and objectives. 2,502

Jacob Essay

The story of Jacob takes place in Genesis 25-36 detailing the events of his life; however, the background setting starts with Abraham and Sarah, in Genesis 12. Jacob was the son of Isaac and Rebekah, the grandson of Sarah and Abraham. Throughout the bible Jacob is known for his trickery; however it is not until towards the end is the fulfillment of Abraham’s promise. The name Jacob actually means trickster. But in the end Jacob makes a full turn He was a very manipulative character and tricked his brother out of his birth right and final blessing. However he then is tricked by Laban. Many would call this karma. Jacob’s character and actions maybe the blame of his parents. The bible shows that his parent were quite different the Abraham and Sarah. Abraham and Sarah for the majority of the story displays them as supportive, working together relationships; however much is not told about the relationship of Isaac and Rebekah. Better yet, not much is mentioned about Isaac at all, this maybe lead to believe that he did not have a significant role in the story. Rebekah is displayed as the more aggressive one while Isaac is considered more passive. Isaac did not go out and find his own wife, his father’s servant went and found one for him; all suggesting that Isaac was passive when it came to taking initiative. During this timeframe, Jacob may have been characterized as a â€Å"momma boy†. Genesis 25:27 says that Jacob stayed in camp while his brother became a skillful hunter. This in turns causes Rebekah to favor Jacob. The relationship between Rebekah and Jacob is similar to that of Joseph and his father. Jacob was much weaker than his brother Esau. The relationship of Jacob and Esau goes beyond traditional sibling jealously; but, it is a story of deceit and robbery. This is evident at birth when Jacob is born holding on to the heel of Esau. By order of birth Esau was entitled to the birthright; however, the promise of blessings was on the life of Jacob. Jacob and Esau had two different personalities. Esau was a hairy man, while Jacob was hairless. Esau was favored by Isaac because â€Å"he had a taste for game† (Genesis 25: 28), meaning Jacob was something Isaac was not or could not have been. Esau had a more carefree personality; he did not take much serious; including his birth right. Many stories of the birthright would say that Jacob stole the birthright; however, it seems as if Esau freely gave his birthright in exchange for food. Esau did not understand the importance of his birthright, but Jacob did. Jacob realized the significance of being born first and the bible even says in verse 34 Esau despised his birthright. Jacob stole the blessing from Esau during his father’s death. Esau felt that his father favored him. He may have even felt that God favored Jacob, because Jacob got his birthright and now got the final blessing from his father. Esau eventually has enough and tried to kill him. Jacob’s relationship with God was impatient in the beginning. In the 26th chapter is when Abraham’s promise begins to be fulfilled. One might question as to why Jacob still received the promises of Abraham after all of the manipulating and deceiving he did. Even though Jacob proved himself to be unfaithful, by tricking Esau, lying to Abimelch, he still received the promises that were promised to Abraham. A famine hit the land and Jacob was still able to prosper, his crops produced one hundred fold, he was rich and even found favor with the Philistines. All these fulfill the promises of Abraham. One might say Jacob’s manipulation finally caught up with. Jacob fell in love with the daughter of Laban who in the end tricks him into marrying his eldest daughter. Laban got 7 years of work from him and then an additional seven years.

The Greatest Threat Of Saudi Arabia - 1317 Words

THE GREATEST THREAT TO SAUDI ARABIA 1LT. ALDAWEES MESHARY MICCC 16-009 CH (MAJ) Martin, William A. 23 September 2016 â€Å"God is great, death to America, death to Israel, curse the Jews,† this is a translation of the Houthi flag. They a are religious militant political movement based in Saada, in northern Yemen called. Houthis by their founder, Hussein al-Huthi, who was killed by Yemeni forces in 2004. This paper will discuss why Iran, working with militant organizations such as the Houthis is the greatest threat to Saudi Arabia. We wonder, what are the implications of the fall of Sanaa on Gulf security in general, and Saudi Arabia in particular? Yemen has geographical limits equal to 1485 km, it is the fourth Arab country after Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq, which has fallen because of Iranian support to the Houthis. Houthis dominated Imran, then surrounded Sanaa and made demands of the Yemeni government and military as they began to see farther and bigger ambitions. Houthis took control of the levers of government, the Yemeni Headquarters of Security, and sided with senior Yemeni Army commanders who had been fired on treason and corruption charges. They then entered government institutions in Yemen. They took control of the oil refinery in Marib and marched to the port of Hodeida, in an attempt to extend their influence from the west coast of Yemen up to the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb. They also refuse to attended negotiations and are today demandingShow MoreRelatedSaudi Arabi Oil And Natural Gas1749 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion One Saudi Arabia is the largest oil and natural gas producer of oil in the world attributed to its vast reservoir (Jasimuddin, 2001). The economic growth seen over the years has been dependent upon exploration and production of oil for local and international market (Jasimuddin, 2001). Oil in Saudi contributes up to 40% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and an approximate 80% of its annual revenue (Elachola Memish, 2016). 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Online English To Chinese Translation Resources

There are many cases in which you might need to translate from English to Chinese. Perhaps you are running a multi-lingual event, need a little guidance with Chinese homework, a native Chinese speaker learning English, or simply curious. For whatever situation, hopefully  this  list of online English to Chinese translation resources beyond Google Translate can be helpful.   English To Chinese Words When translating words, an English to Chinese dictionary can be used for this purpose. There are several online English to Chinese dictionaries, including: YellowBridge Chinese-English Talking DictionaryMandarin Tools Chinese-English DictionaryLexiconer English to Chinese Dictionary English To Chinese Phrases While words are relatively easy to translate from English to Chinese, it is much more difficult to translate phrases. Google Translate allows you to paste in text or specify a web page for translation, but the result is sometimes difficult to understand. English to Chinese phrase translators include: Babel FishBubblesHow To SayReverso Translation Services None of these online translators do a very good job of translating from English to Chinese. If results are critical, you will have to hire an English to Chinese translation service. The ideal English to Chinese translator will be a native Mandarin speaker with a good knowledge of English. Small firms which specialize in English / Chinese language pairs are also a good choice since they usually have both native English speakers and native Mandarin speakers on staff, who work together on translation projects.